 
	    LIAS light – Item Descriptions
LIASlight ItemID: 592
Biatora efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen
| Characters[*]: | Character States[*]: | 
|---|---|
| global occurrence: | Eurasia – Asia Extratropical | Eurasia – Europe | Americas – North America (incl Mexico) | 
| substrate: | bryophytes – mosses, liverworts | wood – dead, living | bark, cork, plant surface – trunks, branches, twigs | 
| life habit: | lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts) | 
| thallus: | crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified | 
| thallus: | granular, granulose, granulate | cracked, fissured, fractured, rimose | compartimentized – areolate, squamulate | 
| [th] upper surface: | grey(ish) | green(ish) grey | white(ish) grey | 
| [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: | present | 
| [th margin] cilia, cilioid structures: | absent | 
| [th upper surface] isidia, isidioid structures: | absent | 
| [th upper surface] soredia, soralia, soralioid structures: | present | 
| [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: | granulose, granular | 
| ascomata: | absent | present | 
| ascoma: | apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial | 
| ascoma [mm]: | (low) 0.3 (high) 0.6 (max) 0.95 | 
| ascoma: | subsessile, subimmersed, adnate, semi-immersed, emergent | sessile, superficial | 
| [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: | plane, flat, flattened, expanded | subconvex, slightly convex | convex | distinctly convex | strongly convex, hemispherical, (sub-)globose | 
| [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: | brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | brown(ish) yellow (ochraceous, ochre) | red(dish) brown (if pale: orange brown) | 
| [ascm, if apoth] subhymenial layers, hypothecium; [if perith] basal excipulum: | hyaline, colourless | yellow(ish) brown | 
| [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: | present | 
| [ascm] epihymenium, epithecium: | yellow(ish) (if dull: buff) | hyaline, colourless | 
| asci: | lecanoralean | 
| [asc] tholus: | thickened | 
| [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): | present | 
| [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: | amyloid with acuate axial body towards the apex (= Bacidia-, Buellia-, Ramalina-types etc) | 
| ascospores: | (median) 8.0 | 
| [asp] shape: | narrowly ellipsoidal | 
| [asp] length [µm]: | (min) 9.0 (low) 12.2 (high) 18.5 (max) 22.5 | 
| [asp] width [µm]: | (min) 3.0 (low) 3.4 (high) 4.3 (max) 5.0 | 
| [asp] septa: | absent – spore lumen unilocular, monolocular | present | 
| [asp] septa: | transversely septate | 
| [asp] transversal septa: | (median) 0.0 (max) 1.0 | 
| [asp] pigmentation: | hyaline, colourless | 
| [asp] perispore, epispore: | not apparent | 
| secondary metabolites: | present | 
| secondary metabolites: | argopsin | norargopsin | 
| primary photobiont: | present | 
| secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): | absent | 
| primary photobiont: | chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid |